General - Community Violence Prevention
- Baltimore Ceasefire 365: Estimated Impact of a Recurring Community-Led Ceasefire on Gun Violence
- Phalen P, Bridgeford E, Gant L, Kivisto A, Ray B, Fitzgerald S
- American Journal of Public Health. 2020;110(4):554-559.
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Rationale for inclusion: Identifies an approximately 50% decrease in violence associated with community-led "ceasefire" weekends with no postponement effect.
CAVEAT: Nonrandomized study
Citations - To review the number of citations for this landmark paper, visit Google Scholar.
- Geospatial mapping can be used to identify geographic areas and social factors associated with intentional injury as targets for prevention efforts distinct to a given community.
- Lasecki CH, Mujica FC, Stutsman S, Williams AY, Ding L, Simmons JD, Brevard SB.
- J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2018 Jan;84(1):70-74.
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Rationale for inclusion: Injury prevention work has increasingly relied on the social and behavioral sciences for understanding what makes spaces risky, and how to enact behavior change to mitigate risk. Geospace mapping has increased the analytic power in injury prevention work by allowing complex special analysis techniques, beyond traditional “heat mapping.” Evidence from such studies can fuel new ideas for injury prevention, including modifications to the built environment or social and behavioral directed programming to individuals living in or interacting within high-risk environments.
CAVEAT: Single-center studyCitations - To review the number of citations for this landmark paper, visit Google Scholar.
- The company you keep? The spillover effects of gang membership on individual gunshot victimization in a co-offending network: gang membership, networks, & victimization
- Papachristos AV, Braga AV, Piza E, Grossman LS
- Criminology. 2015 Oct 20;53(4):624-649.
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Rationale for Inclusion: One of the key studies of violence as a social contagion, this paper maps the relationship between gunshot victimization and an individual's social network, showing that social proximity to a gang member is a high risk factor for non-members.
Citations - To review the number of citations for this landmark paper, visit Google Scholar.
- Effects of Baltimore's safe streets program on gun violence: a replication of Chicago's CeaseFire program
- Webster DW, Whitehill JM, Vernic JS, Curriero FC
- J Urban Health. 2013 Feb;90(1):27-40.
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Rationale for Inclusion: Identified significant decreases in fatal and nonfatal shootings associated with the implementation of a violence interruption model using credible messengers for emergent crisis resolution.
CAVEAT: Uneven effects in some treated neighborhoods
Citations - To review the number of citations for this landmark paper, visit Google Scholar.
- The effects of focused deterrence strategies on crime: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the empirical evidence
- Braga AA, Wisburd DL
- J Res Crime Delinquency. 2011 Sept 13;49(3):323-258
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Rationale for Inclusion: Systematic review of the evidence on focused deterrence strategies for violence prevention.
Citations - To review the number of citations for this landmark paper, visit Google Scholar.
- The influence of the Garner decision on police use of deadly force
- Tennenbaum AN
- Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology. 1995 October; 85(1) 241.
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Rationale for Inclusion: Analysis of impact of supreme court decision declaring police use of deadly force to apprehend fleeing, unarmed suspects to be unconstitutional
Citations - To review the number of citations for this landmark paper, visit Google Scholar.
- Administrative interventions on police shooting discretion: an empirical examination
- Fyfe JJ
- Journal of Criminal Justice. 1979:7;4 309-32
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Rationale for Inclusion: Study of restrictive use of force policy on shootings of and by police in New York City
Citations - To review the number of citations for this landmark paper, visit Google Scholar.